Panic disorder is marked by repeated panic attacks—sudden surges of intense fear that occur unexpectedly and often without clear triggers.
Panic attacks cause rapid heartbeat, chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of impending doom. People may fear they are dying or losing control. Worrying about future attacks often leads to avoidance of certain places or activities.
Genetics, stress, trauma, and brain chemistry play roles. Having family members with anxiety increases risk.
CBT helps people change fearful thoughts and gradually face avoided situations. Medications such as SSRIs or benzodiazepines may also help.
Breathing exercises, grounding techniques, and relaxation skills reduce the intensity of attacks. Supportive therapy and reassurance from family aid recovery.
With treatment, most people gain control of panic disorder and return to normal activities.