Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a condition that causes unwanted intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions (compulsions) that a person feels driven to perform. These cycles can consume significant time and create distress.
Obsessions may include fears of contamination, harming others, or things being "not just right." Compulsions often involve washing, checking, counting, or repeating actions to reduce anxiety. People with OCD usually recognize that their thoughts and behaviors are excessive but feel unable to stop.
OCD likely involves a mix of genetics, brain function, and life stressors. Family history increases risk. Stress, trauma, or illness can trigger or worsen symptoms.
The most effective therapy is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), a form of CBT that helps people face fears without performing rituals. Medications such as SSRIs also help.
Support groups, education, and family understanding reduce stigma and build encouragement. Mindfulness and relaxation can reduce distress between exposures.
OCD is treatable. Many people gain control and dramatically reduce symptoms with therapy, medication, and consistent practice.